Research integrity

This page collects every article by Dr. Damon Tojjar in this topic. For all topics see browse by topic, and for the source-anchored record see damontojjar.com/record.

Articles in this topic (18)

Responsible AI in scholarship (1)

• Can AI Be an Author? The Rules for Using AI in Research and Publishing4 min read

  When manuscripts began listing chatbots as co-authors, editors converged quickly on the same answer: AI tools cannot be authors, because authorship requires...

Detecting errors in reported statistics (1)

• Checking a Paper's Own Arithmetic: What statcheck and GRIM Reveal4 min read

  Some integrity checks need no raw data at all; they test whether a paper's own numbers are internally consistent. The statcheck tool recomputes p values from the...

How the literature is corrected (1)

• Correction, Erratum, Expression of Concern, Retraction: How the Record Gets Fixed4 min read

  Journals fix the published record with a graded set of notices. A correction (also called an erratum or corrigendum) repairs a specific error while the findings...

Trial data integrity (1)

• Data Integrity and Audit Trails: How a Trial Proves Its Numbers Are Real4 min read

  Regulators do not only check a trial's final numbers; they check whether the data could have been changed without anyone knowing. The shared standard is often...

Data and image integrity (1)

• How Duplicated and Manipulated Images Are Caught in Research Papers3 min read

  A large visual screen of biomedical papers found that a few percent contained inappropriate image duplication, and at least half of those showed features suggesting...

Publication integrity (1)

• Duplicate Publication and Salami Slicing: When One Study Becomes Many Papers4 min read

  Evidence synthesis assumes each study counts once. Duplicate publication reports the same data in more than one place, which can double-count it and inflate its...

Open science and data sharing (1)

• The FAIR Principles: What Open Data Actually Requires4 min read

  Posting a file somewhere is sharing, but whether anyone, or any computer, can find it, open it, understand it, and reuse it correctly is a separate matter. The FAIR...

Meta-research (1)

• Meta-Research: The Science of Studying Science4 min read

  Meta-research is research about research: it treats the way studies are designed, reported, verified, and rewarded as something to study empirically rather than...

Peer review after publication (1)

• Post-Publication Peer Review: Why the Conversation Does Not Stop at Acceptance4 min read

  Post-publication peer review is the scrutiny a paper receives after it appears, through journal letters, online comments, and public platforms where readers flag...

Reproducibility (1)

• Reproducibility Versus Replicability: Two Words Careful Readers Keep Apart3 min read

  Reproducibility and replicability sound interchangeable, but a landmark national science report gave them separate jobs. Reproducibility asks whether the same data,...

Misconduct and questionable practices (1)

• Fabrication, the Gray Zone, and Honest Error: Sorting Research Integrity Problems3 min read

  Under US federal policy, research misconduct means just three things: fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, and it explicitly excludes honest error and honest...

Human research protections (1)

• Research With Vulnerable Populations: Why Some Participants Get Extra Protection4 min read

  In research ethics, vulnerability describes a situation that compromises a person's ability to give free, informed consent or to protect their own interests, such...

How peer review is organized (1)

• Single-Blind, Double-Blind, and Open Peer Review: What the Trials Show4 min read

  Peer review comes in three broad models: single-blind, where reviewers know the authors but not the reverse; double-blind, where both are masked; and open, where...

Transparency and reporting (1)

• Trial Registration and Results Reporting: Closing the Gap Between Studies Run and Studies Seen4 min read

  When only the trials with favorable results get published, the evidence base is distorted before anyone reads it. Prospective registration requires a trial to be...

The reproducibility crisis (1)

• What the Big Replication Projects Actually Found3 min read

  When research teams systematically repeated published studies, a large share did not replicate. In one psychology project, nearly all original studies had been...

Authorship and contributorship (1)

• Who Counts as an Author? The ICMJE Criteria and the CRediT Taxonomy4 min read

  Authorship is not a reward for seniority or for funding a project. Under the widely used ICMJE standard, a person must meet all four criteria together: contributing...

Reproducibility and replication (1)

• Why Replication Studies Are Hard, and What a Failed Replication Really Means4 min read

  Replication means running a study again with new data to see whether the finding holds, and it is hard because methods are described incompletely, samples and...

Retraction and the citation record (1)

• Why Retracted Papers Keep Getting Cited4 min read

  A retraction is supposed to warn readers that a paper's conclusions cannot be trusted, but retracted articles keep accumulating citations, often with no sign that...